Edinburgh, Scotland’s capital, is a city rich in history and brimming with cultural treasures. From its ancient cobblestone streets to its modern festivals, Edinburgh offers a unique blend of old-world charm and contemporary excitement. Whether you’re drawn by its storied past or its vibrant present, this city has something for everyone. Let’s dive into what makes Edinburgh a must-visit destination.
A Walk Through History
Edinburgh’s history stretches back to prehistoric times, with evidence of human settlement dating as far back as 8500 BC. The city’s most iconic structure, Edinburgh Castle, has been a key fortress in Scottish history since at least the Iron Age. The castle has seen battles, royal ceremonies, and served as a symbol of Scottish resilience.
During the medieval period, Edinburgh became the capital of Scotland, growing in importance and stature. The city’s Old Town, with its narrow closes and tall tenements, offers a glimpse into life during these times. The 16th and 17th centuries saw Edinburgh flourish as a center of education, law, and culture, earning it the nickname “Athens of the North.”
The 18th century brought the development of the New Town, a masterpiece of Georgian architecture designed to alleviate overcrowding in the Old Town. This period of Enlightenment saw Edinburgh emerge as a hub of intellectual and scientific advancement, attracting thinkers like David Hume and Adam Smith.
If you’re a Harry Potter fan, we recommend the Edinburgh Harry Potter Magical Guided Walking Tour. Take a magical journey through Edinburgh, discovering the places where the world of Harry Potter was conceived. Test your knowledge with a quiz, find out your Hogwarts House, and visit Tom Riddle’s grave.designed to alleviate overcrowding in the Old Town. This period of Enlightenment saw Edinburgh emerge as a hub of intellectual and scientific advancement, attracting thinkers like David Hume and Adam Smith.
We also highly recommend: Edinburgh Underground Vaults Tour
Useful Information:
How to get from the Edinburgh airport into town?: Directions
Luggage Storage: Luggage Point Edinburgh
Emergency: Dial 999 or 112. These calls are free and can be made from any phone.
Edinburgh Weather & Time: Check Here
Things To Do
1. Edinburgh Castle: Scotland’s Historic Jewel
Edinburgh Castle, an iconic symbol of Scotland’s heritage, stands majestically atop Castle Rock, dominating the skyline of Edinburgh. This ancient fortress, with its commanding presence and rich history, is a must-visit for anyone exploring Scotland’s capital.
Edinburgh Castle’s history dates back to the Iron Age, with archaeological evidence suggesting that the site has been occupied since at least the 2nd century AD. The castle has played a pivotal role in Scotland’s history, serving as a royal residence, military stronghold, and symbol of Scottish defiance and resilience.
Throughout the Middle Ages, Edinburgh Castle was a royal residence and the seat of Scottish kings and queens. Notable royals associated with the castle include Queen Margaret, later canonized as Saint Margaret, and Mary, Queen of Scots, who gave birth to James VI of Scotland (later James I of England) within its walls.
Edinburgh Castle is open to visitors year-round, offering guided tours and informative exhibitions. Audio guides are available in multiple languages, providing rich historical context and engaging stories about the castle’s past. Special events, reenactments, and seasonal activities make each visit unique.
Directions: Google Maps
Hours: Open daily, 9:30 am – 6 pm
Recommendations: Edinburgh Castle: Guided Tour with Entry Ticket
2. Royal Mile
Stretching from the iconic Edinburgh Castle to the majestic Palace of Holyroodhouse, the Royal Mile is the historic and cultural spine of Edinburgh. This bustling thoroughfare, rich with history and brimming with life, offers a captivating blend of ancient landmarks, lively shops, cozy pubs, and hidden gems. Here’s an in-depth look at what makes the Royal Mile a must-visit destination.
The Royal Mile’s origins date back to medieval times when it served as the main route through the old town of Edinburgh. Its name reflects the royal procession route that Scottish monarchs would travel between the two principal residences. Today, walking along the Royal Mile is like stepping back in time, with each cobblestone and close (alleyway) echoing centuries of history.
The Royal Mile is at the heart of Edinburgh’s vibrant festival scene. During the Edinburgh Festival Fringe, the street comes alive with performers, artists, and enthusiastic crowds. The annual Hogmanay celebrations also see the Royal Mile transformed into a hub of festivity, with street parties, live music, and fireworks. No matter the time of year, there’s always something happening on the Royal Mile.
Directions: Google Maps
Hours: Open 24 hours.
3. Arthur's Seat
Arthur’s Seat is part of a group of hills that are the remains of a long-extinct volcano system that erupted around 350 million years ago during the Carboniferous period. The hill, along with its neighboring crags and peaks, was shaped by glacial activity, which gives it its rugged and distinctive appearance.
Arthur’s Seat is an ancient volcanic hill that offers one of the best viewpoints in the city. As the highest point in Holyrood Park, this natural wonder is not only a must-see for its panoramic views but also for its historical significance and natural beauty. Here’s everything you need to know about exploring Arthur’s Seat. There are several routes to the summit of Arthur’s Seat, catering to various levels of hiking ability. The most popular path starts at the Holyrood Palace, weaving through the park and up the hill. This route is relatively easy for most walkers, offering a gradual climb with plenty of places to stop and take in the views. For those looking for a bit more challenge, the ascent from the Dunsapie Loch side is steeper but shorter.
Reaching the summit of Arthur’s Seat, at 822 feet above sea level, rewards hikers with breathtaking 360-degree views of Edinburgh and the surrounding countryside. On a clear day, you can see the entire city spread out before you, the Firth of Forth glistening to the north, and the rolling Pentland Hills to the south. The view alone makes the hike well worth the effort.
4. National Museum of Scotland
Located in the heart of Edinburgh, the National Museum of Scotland is a treasure trove of artifacts, exhibitions, and stories that span the globe and traverse the millennia. This world-class museum offers visitors a chance to explore the natural world, the wonders of science and technology, the richness of world cultures, and the fascinating history of Scotland.
The National Museum of Scotland is renowned for its stunning architecture, which combines historic and contemporary elements. The museum’s original building, designed by architect Francis Fowke and opened in 1866, features a striking Victorian design with intricate details and grand spaces. In 1998, a major extension, designed by the architectural firm Benson & Forsyth, introduced a modern, glass-roofed atrium that connects the old and new sections of the museum. This harmonious blend of old and new architecture creates a visually striking and functional space.
With its extensive and diverse collections, interactive exhibits, and family-friendly atmosphere, the National Museum of Scotland is a cultural treasure trove that offers something for everyone. Whether you’re interested in Scotland’s rich history, fascinated by natural wonders, or eager to explore art and technology, this museum provides an enriching and memorable experience. Plan your visit to discover the many facets of Scotland’s heritage and enjoy a journey through time and innovation.
Directions: Google Maps
Hours: Open daily, 10 am – 5 pm.
Admission: Free
More Information: Museum Website
5. The Royal Botanical Garden
Founded in 1670, this world-renowned garden is not only a place of serene beauty but also a center of scientific research and conservation. Here’s a closer look at what makes the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh a must-visit destination.
The RBGE began its journey as a physic garden near Holyrood Palace, intended for growing medicinal plants. Over the centuries, it moved to several locations before settling in its current site in Inverleith in 1820. Today, the garden covers 70 acres and houses an impressive collection of over 13,500 plant species from around the globe.
6. Dean Village
Tucked away from the hustle and bustle of Edinburgh’s city center, Dean Village is a picturesque enclave that feels like stepping into a fairy tale. With its cobblestone streets, historic buildings, and tranquil riverside setting, this charming village offers a serene escape and a glimpse into Edinburgh’s rich history.
Dean Village, originally known as the Water of Leith Village, dates back to the 12th century. It was established around the milling industry, with mills harnessing the power of the Water of Leith to grind grain. For over 800 years, the village thrived as a hub of milling activity, with its buildings and infrastructure centered around this essential industry.
By the late 19th century, the milling industry had declined, and Dean Village fell into disrepair. However, in the mid-20th century, efforts to restore and preserve its historic charm began. Today, Dean Village is a protected conservation area, celebrated for its well-preserved architecture and scenic beauty.
Directions: Google Maps
Hours: Open 24 hours.
Festivals
1. Edinburgh Fringe Festival
Every August, the city of Edinburgh transforms into a vibrant stage for the world’s largest arts festival: the Edinburgh Fringe Festival. Known simply as “the Fringe,” this eclectic and dynamic event is a global magnet for performers, artists, and audiences, offering a dizzying array of shows and experiences that span all genres and styles.
The Edinburgh Fringe Festival began in 1947, as an unofficial offshoot of the Edinburgh International Festival, which was established to showcase the best of international performing arts. A group of performers, excluded from the main festival due to a lack of formal invitation, decided to present their own shows on the fringes of the official festival. This rebellious spirit laid the foundation for what would become the Edinburgh Festival Fringe.
Directions: Google Maps direction to Edinburgh Fringe Festival Society
Dates: August 2-26, 2024. Exact dates vary each year.
Admission: Free & Paid Events
More Information: Website
2. Edinburgh International Festival
Established in 1947, the Edinburgh International Festival (EIF) stands as one of the world’s leading arts festivals, dedicated to celebrating and showcasing the finest in classical music, opera, theater, and dance. Held annually in August, the EIF is renowned for its commitment to high artistic standards and its role in bringing together international artists and audiences.
The Edinburgh International Festival was founded in the aftermath of World War II with the vision of fostering peace and cultural exchange through the arts. The festival was created by a group of Edinburgh residents who wanted to revive the city’s cultural life and provide a platform for artists from around the world to showcase their work. Its inaugural year in 1947 set the stage for what would become a longstanding tradition of excellence in the performing arts.
The EIF plays a significant role in Edinburgh’s cultural landscape and contributes to the city’s reputation as a leading cultural destination. The festival not only provides a platform for world-class performances but also supports local artists and cultural initiatives. Its impact extends beyond the festival itself, influencing the broader arts scene in Edinburgh and beyond.
Directions: Google Maps
Dates: August 2-25, 2024. Exact dates vary each year.
Admission: Tickets Information
More Information: Website
3. Hogmanay
Hogmanay, Scotland’s New Year’s Eve celebration, transforms Edinburgh into a global party hub each December 31st. Known for its vibrant festivities, rich traditions, and spectacular events, Hogmanay is one of the most renowned and eagerly anticipated New Year celebrations in the world.
The term “Hogmanay” is believed to have derived from Old French “hoguinané,” a term for New Year’s Eve celebrations. While many of Scotland’s New Year traditions are rooted in ancient Celtic practices, Hogmanay has evolved over centuries, incorporating elements from Norse, Viking, and Scottish customs. The celebration has grown from its local origins into a major global event.
The centerpiece of Edinburgh’s Hogmanay celebration is the world-famous Street Party, held in the heart of the city’s Old Town. This massive outdoor event draws visitors from around the globe and features a mix of live music, entertainment, and festive activities. The streets around Princes Street and the Gardens are transformed into a lively party scene with multiple stages, DJs, and performers.
Directions: The celebration centers around a major street party along Princes Street.
Dates: December 29 – January 1, 2024
Admission: Tickets Information
More Information: Website
FAQ
When is the best time to visit Edinburgh?
The best time to visit Edinburgh largely depends on what you want to experience:
Summer (June to August): The weather is generally warm, and it’s festival season, including the famous Edinburgh Festival Fringe.
Autumn (September to November): Enjoy milder weather and fewer crowds. The city’s parks and gardens showcase beautiful fall foliage.
Winter (December to February): Ideal for experiencing Edinburgh’s festive season, including the Hogmanay celebrations and Christmas markets.
Spring (March to May): The city starts to bloom with spring flowers and offers pleasant weather for exploring.
How can I get around Edinburgh?
Edinburgh has a well-connected transport network:
Walking: Many attractions are within walking distance in the city center.
Buses: Lothian Buses operates a comprehensive network covering most of Edinburgh and surrounding areas.
Trams: The Edinburgh Trams run from the airport to the city center and are a convenient option for getting around.
Taxis: Available throughout the city, including black cabs and ride-hailing services like Uber.
Bikes: Edinburgh has bike rental services and dedicated cycling paths.
What are the top festivals to experience in Edinburgh?
Edinburgh is known for its vibrant festival scene:
Edinburgh Festival Fringe (August): The world’s largest arts festival featuring theater, comedy, and more.
Edinburgh International Festival (August): A celebration of classical music, opera, theater, and dance.
Hogmanay (December 31st): Scotland’s spectacular New Year’s Eve celebration with fireworks, live music, and street parties.
Edinburgh International Book Festival (August): A literary festival attracting authors and readers from around the world.
Scottish International Storytelling Festival (October): A festival celebrating storytelling traditions.
Where can I find the best views of Edinburgh?
For breathtaking views of Edinburgh:
Arthur’s Seat: Offers panoramic views of the city, Edinburgh Castle, and beyond. Directions
Calton Hill: Features views of Edinburgh’s skyline, including the Castle and the Royal Observatory. Directions
Edinburgh Castle: Provides stunning views from its ramparts and higher vantage points. Directions
The Scott Monument: Climb to the top for a view of Princes Street and the surrounding area. Directions
Are there any unique tours or activities in Edinburgh?
Yes, Edinburgh offers a range of unique tours and activities:
Harry Potter Walking Tour: Explore the locations that inspired J.K. Rowling’s famous series. Tour Information.
Underground City Tour: Discover Edinburgh’s hidden underground vaults and learn about the city’s darker history. Tour Information.
Royal Attractions: Discover Royal Edinburgh with three hop-on hop-off city tours, including guaranteed entry to Edinburgh Castle, the Royal Yacht Britannia, and the Palace of Holyroodhouse. Tour Information.
Scotch Whisky Experience: Learn about Scotland’s whisky heritage and enjoy tastings. Tour Information.
Ghost Tours: Explore Edinburgh’s haunted history with a spooky Old Town and Underground ghost tour. Tour Information.
Are there any family-friendly activities in Edinburgh?
Edinburgh Zoo: Home to pandas, penguins, and a range of other animals.
Dynamic Earth: An interactive science center exploring the Earth’s history.
The Museum of Childhood: Features toys and games from different eras.
Camera Obscura: Offers optical illusions and interactive exhibits with panoramic views of the city.
Holyrood Park: Provides space for picnics and outdoor activities with stunning landscapes.
What are the best shopping areas in Edinburgh?
Edinburgh is great for shopping:
Princes Street: Known for its high street stores and department stores.
George Street: Offers upscale boutiques and designer shops.
Victoria Street: Features independent shops and charming boutiques.
Grassmarket: Known for its unique shops and vintage stores.
Royal Mile: Offers a range of souvenir shops and traditional Scottish goods.
What are some local Scottish dishes I should try in Edinburgh?
While in Edinburgh, don’t miss these traditional Scottish dishes:
Haggis: A savory pudding made from sheep’s offal, oats, and spices, often served with neeps (turnips) and tatties (potatoes).
Scottish Salmon: Fresh and often served grilled or smoked, showcasing Scotland’s excellent seafood.
Scotch Beef: High-quality beef that is typically roasted or used in hearty stews.
Shortbread: A classic Scottish biscuit that’s buttery and crumbly, perfect with a cup of tea.
Can I use public transport to get to Edinburgh from the airport?
Yes, Edinburgh Airport is well-connected. Directions from Edinburgh Airport to Edinburgh Waverley Station.
Tram: The Edinburgh Trams provide a direct route from the airport to the city center.
Bus: Several bus services, including the Airlink 100, run from the airport to various parts of the city.
Taxi: Taxis are readily available outside the terminal for a direct transfer to your destination.
Are there any day trips or excursions near Edinburgh?
Edinburgh is a great base for exploring nearby attractions:
Rosslyn Chapel: A historic chapel with stunning architecture and famous for its association with the Da Vinci Code movie. Directions.
Stirling: Visit Stirling Castle and the Battle of Stirling Bridge site from the Braveheart movie.
North Berwick: A seaside town with beautiful beaches and the Scottish Seabird Centre.
Loch Ness: A bit further afield, but offers the chance to explore the famous loch and nearby Urquhart Castle. Directions.